Evaluación de la eficacia de tres vacunas frente a Lactococcus garvieae en trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mediante reto por cohabitación.
Resumen
Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) es un patógeno emergente tanto en acuicultura marina como en continental y que puede llegar a provocar pérdidas económicas importantes sobre todo en verano, periodo en el cual el agua alcanza temperaturas elevadas (Vendrell y cols., 2006). Por este motivo, una vacunación adecuada y eficaz es la clave para minimizar el impacto de esta bacteria en aquellas especies de cultivo que son más susceptibles a sus efectos. En el presente estudio, se valoró la eficacia de tres vacunas frente a L. garvieae en trucha arcoíris, mediante el método de cohabitación 28 días post-vacunación. La que presentó una mayor protección fue la vacuna comercial (Icthiovac LG) frente a L. garvieae (RPS=87,50%), seguida de una vacuna experimental trivalente para L. garvieae y dos cepas de Yersinia ruckeri (RPS=81,25%) y por último una vacuna experimental tetravalente para L. garvieae, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida y dos cepas de Y. ruckeri (RPS=70,93%). Los resultados de supervivencia de cada grupo se compararon con los del grupo control, indicando un incremento significativo de la resistencia frente al patógeno en todos los grupos vacunados (p<0,05)
Eficacy’s evaluation through cohabitation challenge of three Lactococcus garvieae vaccines in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) is considered an emergent pathogen because of its zoonotic potential, an emergent pathogen (Meyburgh y cols., 2017) both in marine and freshwater aquaculture, and it causes important economic losses in summer, when water temperature rises (Vendrell y cols., 2006). Because of this, an adequate vaccination is the key to minimize the impact of that bacterium in those cultivated species that are more susceptible to his effects. In the present study, the efficacy of three L. garvieae vaccines was evaluated with a cohabitation infection 28 days post-vaccination. A commercial vaccine (Icthiovac LG) showed the best results with a RPS=87.50%, followed by an experimental trivalent vaccine (L. garvieae and two Y. ruckeri strains) with a RPS=81.25% and finally an experimental tetravalent vaccine (L. garvieae, two Y. ruckeri strains and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) with a RPS=70.93%. The mortality results of each group was compared with those to the control group, indicating an increase of the immunity to this pathogen in all vaccinated groups (p<0.05).
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