Evaluación del desempeño reproductivo de una cepa domesticada de Penaeus vannamei en una maduración comercial
Resumen
La sostenibilidad de la camaronicultura depende del desarrollo de técnicas reproductivas de especies objetivo en cautiverio. Debido a lo escasa de la información sobre el desempeño de Penaeus vannamei en instalaciones de maduración, especialmente acerca de una especie domesticada, se consideró valioso ofrecer parámetros de benchmarking. Se presenta un análisis detallado de los registros de un año de una empresa dedicada a la producción de nauplios de camarón blanco. La facilidad operaba con fotoperíodo natural y estaba provista con 22 tanques circulares de maduración, provistos con especímenes fenotípicamente seleccionados, de 10 a 12 meses de edad, de una cepa con 14 generaciones en cautividad. Los reproductores fueron alimentados con productos frescos (calamar, mejillón, gusanos y biomasa de Artemia enriquecida), suplementada con un alimento seco balanceado. El recambio de agua diario promedió 108,7%. Los padrotes fueron abastecidos a 8 ind/m2, a una proporción sexual macho:hembra de 1,2:1. Las hembras fueron ablacionadas manualmente. En promedio, 51,5 hembras maduras copularon diariamente (tasa de apareo de 6,5 %). Las hembras copuladas desovaron masivamente hasta 1,5 ind/m2 en tanques circulares. La tasa de fertilidad promedió 91,8%. Los nauplios fueron cosechados con luz y flujo de agua. Como media, se produjeron 7,76 millones de nauplios/día, con un rendimiento de 158,3 millares de nauplios/hembra y una fecundidad de 173,3 millares de huevos/hembra. El desempeño reproductivo de las hembras estudiadas fue satisfactorio, a pesar del bajo recambio de agua, permitiendo afirmar que la domesticación no ha perjudicado la capacidad reproductiva de esta cepa de Penaeus vannamei.
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Num53 pp18-31Referencias
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